Effect of Localized Cold Compress on Pain Severity with the Subcutaneous Injection of Enoxaparin: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin causes local reactions, such as bruising and pain at the site. The induced by subcutaneous may lead to anxiety, fear needle, distrust in healthcare providers long run. Objectives: present study aimed evaluate impact topical cold compress on intensity site enoxaparin. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted 100 patients five groups. In control group, performed using routine method. intervention groups, applied minutes prior injection, before following after 20 within 10 seconds. Data were collected a researcher-made checklist containing two sections individual characteristics severity. addition, evaluated visual analog scale (VAS) immediately each injection. Results: Group showed significant difference with group only mean severity (P < 0.05), while scores had no other groups compared group. Conclusions: According results, application sodium could effectively reduce